Ko tētahi o ngā konganuku tino nui o te ao ko te parahi. Ki te kore, kāore e taea e tātou te mahi i ngā mea e whakaarohia ana e tātou he mea noa iho, pērā i te whakakā rama, te mātaki pouaka whakaata rānei. Ko te parahi ngā uaua e mahi ai ngā rorohiko. E kore e taea e tātou te haere i roto i ngā motuka me te kore he parahi. Ka mutu te mate o ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ā, e kore rawa ngā pākahiko lithium-ion e mahi me te kore he parahi.
Ka whakamahia e ngā pākahiko lithium-ion ngā konganuku pēnei i te parahi me te konumohe hei hanga i tētahi utu hiko. Kei ia pākahiko lithium-ion he anode graphite, he cathode waikura konganuku, ā, ka whakamahia ngā electrolytes e tiakina ana e tētahi wehewehe. Mā te utu i te pākahiko ka rere ngā ion lithium mā roto i ngā electrolytes ka kohia ki te anode graphite me ngā irahiko e tukuna ana mā te hononga. Mā te momotu i te pākahiko ka whakahokia ngā ion ki tōna wāhi i ahu mai ai, ka akiaki i ngā irahiko kia haere mā roto i te ara iahiko ka hanga hiko. Ka pau te pākahiko ina hoki katoa ngā ion lithium me ngā irahiko ki te cathode.
Nā, he aha te wāhi e mahi ai te parahi me ngā pākahiko lithium-ion? Ka hanumi te graphite ki te parahi i te wā e hangaia ana te anode. He ātete te parahi ki te waikura, he tukanga matū e ngaro ai ngā irahiko o tētahi huānga ki tētahi atu huānga. Ka puta te waikura. Ka puta te waikura ina taunekeneke te matū me te hāora ki tētahi huānga, pērā i te pānga o te rino ki te wai, ā, ka waikura te hāora. He ātete te parahi ki te waikura.
Pepa parahie whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion nā te mea kāore he here mō tōna rahi. Ka taea e koe te pupuri i te roa e hiahia ana koe, me te angiangi e hiahia ana koe. Ko te parahi he kaikohi iahiko kaha i runga i tōna āhua, engari ka taea hoki e ia te horapa nui me te ōrite o te iahiko.
E rua ngā momo pepa parahi: he mea takai, he mea hikohiko. Ko te pepa parahi takai taketake e whakamahia ana mō ngā mahi toi me ngā hoahoa katoa. Ka hangaia mā te tukanga whakauru wera me te pēhi ki raro ki ngā pine hurihuri. He uaua ake te hanga pepa parahi hikohiko ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te hangarau. Ka tīmata mā te whakarewa i te parahi kounga teitei ki roto i te waikawa. Ka hangaia he irahiko parahi ka taea te tāpiri ki te parahi mā te tukanga e kiia nei ko te whakakikorua hikohiko. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka whakamahia te hiko hei tāpiri i te irahiko parahi ki te pepa parahi i roto i ngā pahu hurihuri e utua ana te hiko.
Kāore te pepa parahi i te kore he hapa. Ka taea e te pepa parahi te piko. Ki te tupu tēnā, ka nui te pānga ki te kohikohinga me te horapa o te pūngao. Heoi anō, ka pāngia te pepa parahi e ngā pūtake o waho pērā i ngā tohu hikohiko, te pūngao ngaruiti, me te wera nui. Ka taea e ēnei āhuatanga te whakaroa, te whakangaro rānei i te kaha o te pepa parahi ki te mahi tika. Ka taea e ngā kawakawa me ētahi atu waikawa te waikura i te whai huatanga o te pepa parahi. Koia te take e hangaia ai e ngā kamupene pērā iCIVENHe whānuitanga o ngā hua konumohe parahi ka hangaia e ngā konganuku.
He pepa parahi ā rātou e ārai ana i te wera me ētahi atu momo pokanoa. Ka hangaia e rātou he pepa parahi mō ngā hua motuhake pēnei i ngā papa ara iahiko tā (PCB) me ngā papa ara iahiko ngāwari (FCB). I te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia e rātou he pepa parahi mō ngā pākahiko lithium-ion.
Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, inā koa mō ngā motuka nā te mea ka whakakahangia e rātou ngā motuka hiko pēnei i ngā mea i hangaia e Tesla. He iti ake ngā wāhanga neke o ngā motuka hiko, ā, he pai ake te mahi. I whakaarohia he mea kore e taea te whiwhi i ngā motuka hiko nā te mea kāore i te wātea ngā whakaritenga mana i taua wā. I taea e Tesla te whakatutuki i tēnei mā roto i ā rātou pūtau pākahiko lithium-ion. He mea hanga ia pūtau ki ngā pākahiko lithium-ion takitahi, he pepa parahi katoa.
Kua tino piki te hiahia mō te pepa parahi. Neke atu i te 7 piriona tāra te moni whiwhi a te mākete pepa parahi i Amerika i te tau 2019, ā, e matapaetia ana ka neke atu i te 8 piriona tāra te moni whiwhi i Amerika i te tau 2026. Nā ngā panonitanga o te umanga motuka tēnei e kī ana ka huri mai i ngā miihini tahunga ā-roto ki ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. Heoi, ehara i te mea ko ngā motuka anake te umanga e pāngia ana, nā te mea ka whakamahia hoki e ngā rorohiko me ētahi atu hikohiko te pepa parahi. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia heke te utu mōpepa parahika piki tonu i roto i te tekau tau e haere ake nei.
I te tau 1976 i tuatahitia ai ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, ā, i te tau 1991 ka hangaia kia nui te hokohoko. I ngā tau i muri mai, ka nui haere te rongonui o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, ā, ka nui haere te whakapai ake. I runga i te whakamahinga i roto i ngā motuka, he tika te kī ka kitea ētahi atu whakamahinga i roto i tētahi ao e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūngao mura, nā te mea ka taea te whakahou me te whai hua ake. Ko ngā pākahiko lithium-ion te heke mai o te pūngao, engari kāore he aha mena kāore he pepa parahi.
Wā tuku: 25 o Ākuhata-2022